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About Contact Us CT Blog Experts in the Media CT Library Counterterrorism Foundation Websites & Centers RSS & PDA Feeds Monthly Archives POSTS ON ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR POSTS ON 2008 MUMBAI ATTACK Counterterrorism Blog Panels: Reforming U.S. Counter-Terrorism Assistance Programs, Feb. 12 The 2008 Mumbai Attacks, Dec. 4 Future of Turkey-U.S. Strategic Partnership, May 19 Iran & U.S.: Outlook for Next Decade? April 15 Compañeros de Armas ("Friends in Arms"): Chavez, FARC & South America, March 19 Meta-Terror: Terrorism & the Virtual World, Feb. 29 Evolution of US Counterterrorism Policy, Feb. 12 Terrorism Litigation After Boim Decision, Jan. 28 Holy Land Foundation & Muslim Brotherhood, Dec. 11, 2007 ------------ July 2008 Posts and August 2008 Posts Contributing Experts
Douglas Farah, Editor
Steven Emerson & The Investigative Project on Terrorism Dennis Lormel Bill West Evan Kohlmann Michael Cutler Victor Comras Michael Kraft Dr. Zachary Abuza Dr. Walid Phares Daveed Gartenstein-Ross Olivier Guitta Kenneth Conboy Aaron Mannes David Schenker Animesh Roul Matthew Levitt Jonathan Winer Frank Hyland Roderick Jones Paul Cruickshank Farhana Qazi Lorenzo Vidino Madeleine Gruen James McGinnis Michael Braun Margot Williams, SNS Global, Newslinks Editor Phillip Smyth & Mark Offenbach, Asst. Newslinks Editors EXPERTS' ARCHIVES & BIOS Recent Posts
The End of The Counterterrorism Blog
Modeling Middle East Turmoil How to Deal with Islamist Movements in Post-Revolutionary Regimes? Asserting Liberal Values: The Future of British and U.S. Counterradicalization Strategies Pakistan and Blasphemy Law: Assassination of Liberal, Secular and Progressive Personalities Continues ! What Cargo May Be Aboard Iranian Warships Transiting the Suez Canal? Egypt and Emerging Trends The Middle East: Democracies or More Terrorism? Two Scenarios on Egyptian Succession and One Vision of the Brotherhood The Australian Take on the Terrorism Threat Experts' Books
Walid Phares: The Confrontation and "The War of Ideas: Jihadism against Democracy" and “Future Jihad: Terrorist Strategies Against America”
Michael Kraft & Yonah Alexander (Editors): "Evolution of U.S. Counterterrorism Policy" Douglas Farah & Zachary Abuza in Countering the Financing of Terrorism Douglas Farah: "Merchant of Death" and "Blood From Stones: The Secret Financial Network of Terror" Michael Jacobson: "The West at War: U.S. and European Counterterrorism Efforts, Post–September 11" Daveed Gartenstein-Ross: "My Year Inside Radical Islam: A Memoir" Steven Emerson: "Jihad Incorporated: A Guide to Militant Islam in the US" and "American Jihad: The Terrorists Living Among Us" Victor Comras & Matthew Levitt (contributors): "Terrorism Financing and State Responses," Stanford University Press Matthew Levitt: "Negotiating Under Fire: Preserving Peace Talks in the Face of Terror Attacks" and "Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad" and "Targeting Terror: U.S. Policy toward Middle Eastern State Sponsors and Terrorist Organizations, Post-September 11" Zachary Abuza: "Political Islam and Violence in Indonesia" and "Militant Islam in Southeast Asia: Crucible of Terror" Lorenzo Vidino "Al Qaeda in Europe: The New Battleground of Global Jihad" Kenneth Conboy: "The Second Front: Inside Asia’s Most Dangerous Terrorist Network" Evan Kohlmann: "Al-Qaida's Jihad in Europe: The Afghan-Bosnian Network" Credits
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Michael Jacobson Archives
Continuity and Change: Reshaping the Fight against TerrorismBy Michael JacobsonAt the outset of this week's nuclear summit, President Obama warned that nuclear terrorism is "one of the greatest threats to global security," observing that terrorist groups like al-Qaeda would "surely use" a nuclear device if they were able to... The financial state of Al Qaeda and the TalibanBy Michael JacobsonAs my colleague Matt Levitt wrote, the Washington Institute recently hosted David Cohen, the Treasury assistant secretary for terrorist financing and financial crimes, as part of its lecture series with senior counterterrorism officials. Over the past year, al-Qaeda's chief in... Tracking Narco-Terrorist Networks: The Money TrailBy Michael JacobsonMy colleague Matt Levitt and I have a piece in the new issue of the journal the Fletcher Forum, which is published by the Fletcher School at Tufts University. In the article, we write about the growing involvement of terrorist... Terrorist Financing and the InternetBy Michael JacobsonI had an article in the latest issue of the journal Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. The article assessed how al Qaeda and other terrorist groups are using the Internet for terrorist financing-related purposes. Not surprisingly, this is a growing... Disrupting Iran's Illicit ActivitiesBy Michael JacobsonOn March 23, the Washington Institute hosted Steven Pelak, the Justice Department's first National Coordinator for Export Control Enforcement, who spoke about the US government's efforts to disrupt Iran's illicit procurement networks operating around the world. The speech was part... Lessons from Israel's Unlikely Hamas SpyBy Michael JacobsonI had an oped in the Jerusalem Post yesterday, on Mosab Hassan Yousef, the son of one of the Hamas founders, who has revealed that he was a long-time spy for the Israelis. There are a number of lessons we... Closing Loopholes: Another Vital Aspect of Sanctions on IranBy Michael JacobsonIn the coming weeks, the United States and its allies will attempt to push additional Iran sanctions through the UN Security Council. Defense Secretary Robert Gates has indicated that "the United States and like-minded countries" could also impose at least... Al Qaeda's Safe HavensBy Michael JacobsonOn February 25, the Washington Institute held an event on Al Qaeda's safehavens -- a topic of growing concern in Washington since the failed Christmas day attack revealed how the group has been exploiting the undergoverned territory in Yemen to... Countering Violent Extremist NarrativesBy Michael JacobsonThe Dutch counterterrorism agency the NCTb, and the University of Leiden have released a volume of essays, focusing on how to more effectively counter al Qaeda's dangerous narrative. While al Qaeda's popularity has slipped over the past year, it remains... Terrorist DropoutsBy Michael JacobsonI had a piece in Foreign Policy yesterday on the subject of why some seemingly committed jihadists have left terrorist organizations. This piece is drawn from my recent Washington Institute monograph, entitled "Terrorist Dropouts: Learning from those who have left."... Terrorist Dropouts: Learning from those who have LeftBy Michael JacobsonIn December 2001, Sajid Badat and Richard Reid, two young Muslims from England, were scheduled to blow up two U.S.-bound planes by using explosive-laden footwear, Jacobson writes. Reid -- like Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, al-Qaeda's most recent alleged plane bomber --... Staying Solvent: Assessing al Qaeda's Financial PortfolioBy Michael JacobsonMy colleague Matt Levitt and I published a piece in Jane's Strategic Advisory Services, as one of a series of articles for a supplement they put together on the state of al Qaeda. We wrote about the financial troubles the... Militias and Insurgency in SomaliaBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, the Washington Institute published part 1 of a 2 part series by Professor Andre Lesage at the National Defense University discussing trends in Somalia. The first part focuses on the country's growing insurgency, while the second part will... Counterterrorism and Crime Fighting in Los AngelesBy Michael JacobsonThis morning, Michael Downing, the Deputy Commissioner of the Los Angeles Police Department and the Commander of its Counterterrorism Bureau addressed a special Washington Institute event in Los Angeles. This event was a part of the speaker series the Institute... Increasing the Focus on Iran's CorruptionBy Michael JacobsonAlthough Iran has formally accepted the U.S. offer to meet on October 1, expectations are low, particularly since Tehran has made clear that the nuclear issue is not negotiable. The United States and its allies have already begun to prepare... Countering Today's Enduring and Adaptive Terrorist ThreatsBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, the Washington Institute hosted Lt. Gen. Ronald Burgess, the director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, as part of a lecture series we've been running since December 2007, with senior US counterterrorism officials. General Burgess was the third military... Terrorist Dropouts: One Way of Promoting a CounternarrativeBy Michael JacobsonAs efforts to disrupt al-Qaeda and its affiliates continue, the U.S. government has slowly come to realize that military force alone cannot defeat radical extremism. Although al-Qaeda's ideas and those of like-minded groups must be challenged, it is clear that... Cracking Down on Iran's Illicit TradeBy Michael JacobsonOn August 13, President Barack Obama announced that his administration was reviewing the U.S. export control system to determine what reforms were needed to bring the regime up to date. Although the United States has stepped up its enforcement efforts... Counterproliferation in the 21st CenturyBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, the Washington Institute hosted Ambassador Ken Brill, the director of the National Counterproliferation Center, as part of a speaker series with senior national security officials. Here is an excerpt of his remarks: In an era of globalization –... Saudi Efforts to Combat Terrorist FinancingBy Michael JacobsonThis past week, Treasury secretary Timothy Geithner traveled to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates for his first official visit to the Middle East since assuming his current position. Although in many respects the Obama administration is off to... Waning Vigilance: al Qaeda's Resurgence in YemenBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, the Washington Institute published a piece by Gregory Johnsen, the co-author of the Waq al-Waq Yemen blog, assessing whether Yemen is once again becoming an al Qaeda safehaven. Johnsen also offers his recommendations on what the US government... Terrorist Financing on the InternetBy Michael JacobsonSince the September 11 attacks on the United States, al-Qaeda has come under growing international pressure. In response, the terrorist organization has increasingly relied on the internet to spread its message and gain support throughout the world. While its use... Defending the City: NYPD's Counterterrorism OperationsBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, the Washington Institute hosted Richard Falkenrath, the NYPD Deputy Commissioner for Counterterrorism, as part of a lecture series the Institute has been running since late 2007 with senior US counterterrorism officials. Here is an excerpt of his remarks:... Defeating al-Qaeda and Neutralizing Its Support NetworksBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, the Washington Institute published a piece by Ali Soufan, a former FBI agent, who was one of the Bureau's lead investigators and interrogators in a number of key international terrorism investigations, including the 1998 embassy bombings and the... Combating the Financing of Transnational ThreatsBy Michael JacobsonAs the NEFA Foundation reported, Shaykh Mustafa abu al-Yazid (aka Shaykh Saeed), the former Al Qaeda finance chief and current head of Al Qaeda in Afghanistan, recently released a statement again lamenting the poor state of his organization's finances. He... Intelligence Transformation: Meeting New Challenges in the Middle East and BeyondBy Michael JacobsonYesterday afternoon, the Washington Institute hosted Lt. Gen. (Ret.) James Clapper, the Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence, as part of a speaker series we've been running since December 2007 with senior US government counterterrorism and intelligence officials. General Clapper offered... Assessing Progress Against the Global Jihadist ThreatBy Michael JacobsonIn April 2009, the U.S. State Department and the European Union released their annual terrorism reports, which paint a varied picture of international counterterrorism efforts to date, with clear progress in some areas and deterioration in others. The reports also... Preventing Nuclear Terrorism: A Global Intelligence ImperativeBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, the Washington Institute published a piece by Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, the former DOE intelligence chief and head of the CIA's WMD Department in the Counterterrorism Center. In the article, Mr. Mowatt-Larssen lays out the threat the US still faces... Counternarcotics Offers Chance to Cooperate with TehranBy Michael JacobsonEarlier this week, the Washington Institute published an article by Michael Braun, the former DEA Operations Chief and fellow CTB expert, on one area in which increased cooperation with Iran may be possible -- counternarcotics efforts. Here is an excerpt... National Security and The Rule of Law in Combating International TerrorismBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, the Washington Institute hosted Todd Hinnen, the Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Law & Policy in DOJ's National Security Division, as part of a speaker series we've been hosting with senior US government counterterrorism officials. Here is an... Throwing the Book at TehranBy Michael JacobsonOn April 7, 2009, the U.S. Treasury Department designated as a proliferator Li Fangwei, the commercial manager for the Chinese company Limmt, for providing support for Iran's missile program. Treasury also blacklisted eight aliases of Limmt, which was originally designated... The Economic Crisis: Al Qaeda's ResponseBy Michael JacobsonThe Washington Institute just published a piece by Richard Barrett, the head of the monitoring team for the UN's 1267 al Qaeda/Taliban Committee. Richard's piece discusses how al Qaeda has responded to -- and tried to take advantage of --... Drug WarsBy Michael JacobsonMy colleague Matt Levitt and I had a piece in The New Republic today, on the growing involvement of terrorist groups in criminal activity -- and particularly in the drug trade. In the piece, we have some recommendations for the... The Iran- al Qaeda ConundrumBy Michael JacobsonMy colleague Matt Levitt and I wrote a piece on the complicated and often opaque relationship between Iran and al Qaeda. Here is an excerpt: Last week, the Treasury Department issued terrorist designations for three senior al-Qaeda operatives who spent... Tackling The Terrorist Threat: Progress Made and Future ChallengesBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, the Washington Institute hosted Ken Wainstein, the Homeland Security Advisor to the President, as part of a speaker series we've been running since December 2007. Mr. Wainstein, who has served in this position since March 2008, spoke about... The Future of the Middle EastBy Michael JacobsonYesterday afternoon, the Washington Institute hosted Dr. Tom Fingar, the Chairman of the National Intelligence Council, as part of a speaker series we've been running with senior US government counterterrorism officials. Dr. Fingar gave a preview of the soon to... Building a Global Counterterrorism NetworkBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, as part of a Washington Institute lecture series with senior US counterterrorism officials, we hosted Mike Vickers, Assistant Secretary for Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict at the Department of Defense. Mr. Vickers offered his thoughts on the... Al Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions ThreatenedBy Michael JacobsonThe Washington Institute published a piece by Richard Barrett, the head of the al Qaeda/Taliban monitoring team for the UN, on how a recent ruling by the European Court of Justice could put not only the EU's but the UN's... Identifying the Next National Security ThreatsBy Michael JacobsonIn January 2009, the next administration will enter office facing a wide range of serious national security threats. At the top of this list will undoubtedly be Iran’s budding nuclear program, the terrorist threat posed by al Qaeda and its... Where We've Come since 9/11By Michael JacobsonMy colleague Matt Levitt and I wrote two op-eds this week taking stock of the US counterterrorism efforts as we approach the seventh anniversary of 9/11. We also assess what the terrorist threat is likely to look like and what... Terrorist Threat and US Response: A Changing LandscapeBy Michael JacobsonThe Washington Institute published a monograph that my colleague Matt Levitt and I edited, on the lecture series we've been hosting at the Institute since December 2007. Speakers have included Juan Zarate, the Deputy National Security Advisor, Mike Leiter, the... The Strategic Threat of Nuclear TerrorismBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, the Washington Institute hosted Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, the chief of Intelligence at the Department of Energy, as part of our 2008 Speaker Series, featuring senior US government counterterrorism officials. The speaker series is available here. Mr. Mowatt-Larssen spent more... Sanctions Against Iran: A Promising StruggleBy Michael JacobsonI had an article in the Summer 2008 edition of The Washington Quarterly on Iran sanctions. In the piece, I look the development of the US government's Iran strategy, evaluate its effectiveness, and make recommendations for how to improve the... The Bombers Who Weren'tBy Michael JacobsonI had a piece in the Washington Post's Outlook section on Sunday on terrorist drop-outs. In the piece, I argue that with all of the increased focus on analyzing the radicalization process, it's just as important to improve our understanding... Qassam Rocket: Development and ImpactBy Michael JacobsonThe Washington Institute published a piece today on how Qassam rockets -- frequently and increasingly the weapon of choice for Hamas -- have altered strategic balance between Israel and the Palestinians. Here is an excerpt: Qassam rockets -- unsophisticated weapons... Iran and the Road AheadBy Michael JacobsonRecently, two important developments have broken months of gridlock on the Iranian nuclear issue: a third round of UN sanctions and a new warning by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). Although both measures are positive, their ultimate impact will... US Financial Pressure on Terrorists and Rogue RegimesBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, Pat O'Brien, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for terrorist financing and financial crimes, spoke at a Washington Institute lunch. Here is an excerpt of his remarks: Last year, Treasury's Deputy Secretary Robert Kimmitt spoke to you about a... Extremism's Deep PocketsBy Michael JacobsonI wrote a piece for the Yale journal "The Politic" on the state of US and international efforts to crack down on terrorist financing. The United States and its allies have made considerable progress in tackling terrorist financing since 9/11,... Speech by NCTC's LeiterBy Michael JacobsonThis afternoon, Mike Leiter, the acting director of the National Counterterrorism Center, spoke at the Washington Institute. He discussed both NCTC's role in counterterrorism analysis and strategic operational planning, as well as the looming counterterrorism challenges the US and its... Blacklisting Terrorism Supporters in KuwaitBy Michael JacobsonMy colleague David Pollock and I wrote a piece on the UN's recent designations of three Kuwaiti nationals. Here's an excerpt: On January 16, the UN Security Council's "Al-Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions Committee" designated three Kuwaiti nationals for providing support... Pressure GaugesBy Michael JacobsonIn today's Guardian Online As President Bush travelled through the Middle East this past week, his attempts to rally support for continued pressure against Iran encountered some resistance. The recently released National Intelligence Estimate on Iran's nuclear capabilities and intentions,... Raising the Costs for TehranBy Michael JacobsonIn the wake of the National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iran, questions are being raised as to whether sanctions and financial pressure remain a viable approach to changing Tehran's decisionmaking on its nuclear program. As evidence of this strategy's demise,... The European View on Iran: Fallout from the New U.S. Intelligence EstimateBy Michael JacobsonOn December 13, 2007, the Washington Institute hosted a Policy Forum on the Iran National Intelligence Estimate with officials from the three key European countries involving in shaping Iran policy. Neil Crompton, a political counselor at the British embassy in... Using All Elements of National PowerBy Michael JacobsonIn a speech last month, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates argued that meeting the various challenges facing the country in the decades ahead will require the strengthening of “important elements of national power” other than military power. America, the Secretary... Iran Report Makes Case for Keeping Pressure OnBy Michael JacobsonA piece I had in today's Baltimore Sun on last week's NIE on Iran's nuclear intentions and capabilities. Some analysts are arguing that because last week's National Intelligence Estimate concluded that Iran halted its covert nuclear program in 2003, sanctions... The UN's Counterterrorism OpportunityBy Michael JacobsonA piece I wrote for the Guardian Online on the Council of Europe's latest report on the UN and EU terrorist blacklists. In mid-November, the Council of Europe -- the author of last summer's highly critical report on alleged US... How To Handle Terrorist Suspects: No Easy AnswersBy Michael JacobsonOn October 22, a U.S. government case against the Holy Land Foundation (HLF) and five of its officials -- accused of financing Hamas -- ended in a mistrial when jurors deadlocked on nearly all of the 197 counts. A week... How Europe Can Pressure IranBy Michael JacobsonMy colleague Patrick Clawson and I had a piece in today's Wall Street Journal Europe on how the Europeans, and in particular the British, could ramp up the financial pressure against Iran. The U.S. ratcheted up the financial pressure against... Transforming U.S. Efforts to Fight Transnational Terrorist NetworksBy Michael JacobsonThe FBI recently announced that it is engaged in a comprehensive realignment of its counterterrorism division -- the largest such reorganization since the September 11 attacks. Although the proposed reorganization is unlikely to achieve the desired fundamental transformation, it should... Tightening the Financial Squeeze against IranBy Michael JacobsonOn October 12, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), a relatively obscure Paris-based organization, took a significant step in ratcheting up the international financial pressure against Iran. The FATF, launched by the G7 in 1989, seeks to set global standards... Top Saudi Cleric Issues WarningBy Michael JacobsonEarlier this week, Sheikh Abdel-Aziz Al-Asheikh – the most senior Wahhabi cleric in Saudi Arabia -- released a rather surprising religious edict. In this fatwa, the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia instructed Saudis not to leave the Kingdom to participate... Similar Threats, Similar Approaches: Improving Transatlantic Counterterrorism TiesBy Michael JacobsonA piece I wrote on how to improve transatlantic counterterrorism ties, which have been seriously tested over these past several years. With U.S. government assistance, three "homegrown" terrorist suspects were arrested in Germany several weeks ago. Despite this success story,... Reenlist the UN in the War on TerrorBy Michael JacobsonI had a piece in today's Baltimore Sun on the need to revitalize the UN's efforts in combating terrorist financing. The recent National Intelligence Estimate painted a troubling picture. While al-Qaida is resurgent, with an "undiminished" intent to attack the... Grading U.S. Performance against Terrorism FinancingBy Michael JacobsonIn December 2005, the 9-11 Commission's Public Discourse Project issued its final report card on the U.S. government's progress in the war on terror. Overall, the grades were dismal except for the "A-minus" awarded to the efforts against terrorism financing.... The Smarter Way to Target IranBy Michael JacobsonMy colleague Patrick Clawson and I published a piece today on the potential impact of an IRGC designation. On August 15, the New York Times and Washington Post reported that the Bush administration was considering sanctioning Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard... What to Do about Tehran's Money LaunderingBy Michael JacobsonI had a piece in the Jerusalem Post yesterday on ways to ratchet up the financial pressure against Iran. As the US presses for a stronger UN Security Council resolution on Iran, the Treasury Department continues its international outreach to... The Changing and Expanding al Qaeda ThreatBy Michael JacobsonA piece I wrote today on last week's NIE On July 17, Director of National Intelligence Mike McConnell released declassified key judgments from a National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on "The Terrorist Threat to the U.S. Homeland." According to the NIE... British Counterterrorism: Implications for the USBy Michael JacobsonA piece by my colleague Simon Henderson on recent terrorism-related developments in Britain. British police have been praised for their speedy and effective efforts in thwarting terrorist attacks this month in London and Glasgow, as well as for the arrest... The Terror HuntBy Michael JacobsonMy piece in the Wall Street Journal Europe today on the terrorist threat in Europe and problems with European counterterrorism efforts. The thwarted bomb attacks in London and Glasgow showed that Europe has become one of the most important battlegrounds... Navigating the Sudan Sanctions RegimeBy Michael JacobsonOn May 29, 2007, the Bush administration unveiled a long-anticipated package of sanctions against Sudan, designating thirty Sudanese companies for their ties to the regime of President Omar al-Bashir, as well as two government officials, a rebel leader, and a... Banning Hizbollah in EuropeBy Michael JacobsonI testified today before the Europe Subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. The subject of the hearing was "Adding Hizbollah to the EU terrorist list." Matt Levitt submitted a written statement as well. My prepared statement is below. Introduction... Easy Steps to Iran SanctionsBy Michael JacobsonHere's a piece I wrote on the UN's Iran sanctions, which was published by UPI this morning. Outside View: Easy step to Iran sanctions Published: June 15, 2007 at 8:43 AM E-mail Story | Print Preview | License By MICHAEL... Middle Eastern Investment in the US: Avoiding Another DPWBy Michael JacobsonI wrote a piece today (with my brother David, who is a Research Assistant at the Institute) on the Administration's recent "open investment" initiative, and how it ties into last year's DPW controversy and the CFIUS process. On May 10,... A Resurgent al-Qaeda and US Counterterrorism StrategyBy Michael JacobsonMedia headlines following the April 30 release of the State Department's annual report on global terrorism developments, Country Reports on Terrorism 2006, focused on the theme of increased terrorism. But the 335-page document, along with its accompanying statistical assessment produced... The Smart Way to Target Rogue RegimesBy Michael JacobsonA piece I wrote for the Economist Group's "European Voice," a weekly English-language paper published in Brussels. The piece was in the EV's May 10th edition. Economic sanctions have long been at the core of the international community's efforts to... Economic Sanctions Against IranBy Michael JacobsonOn April 18, 2007, senior Treasury and State Department officials testifying before Congress were criticized for failing to employ sufficiently tough economic sanctions against Iran. This failure was partly attributed to Washington's fear of upsetting foreign allies. Ironically enough, the... Constraining Iran the Financial WayBy Michael JacobsonDaily Star (Beirut), April 27, 2007 For the past year, senior United States Treasury officials have traveled the world, highlighting for foreign governments and the private sector the danger that Iran's illicit activities pose to the international financial system. Treasury... |